What we did:We conducted an outdoor experiment comparing three unimodal warnings for E-Scooter riders using Augmented Reality notifications, auditory signals, and vibrotactile feedback in a simulated environment.
What we found:We found that both Augmented Reality and auditory warnings resulted in shorter reaction times and a greater feeling of safety compared to vibrotactile warnings, with auditory warnings being the most accepted by participants.
Takeaway:Our research highlights the potential of integrating Augmented Reality and auditory warnings into E-Scooter designs to enhance rider safety on the road.
Abstract
Micro-mobility is becoming a more popular means of transportation. However, this increased popularity brings its challenges. In particular, the accident rates for E-Scooter riders increase, which endangers the riders and other road users. In this paper, we explore the idea of augmenting E-Scooters with unimodal warnings to prevent collisions with other road users, which include Augmented Reality (AR) notifications, vibrotactile feedback on the handlebar, and auditory signals in the AR glasses. We conducted an outdoor experiment (N = 13) using an Augmented Reality simulation and compared these types of warnings in terms of reaction time, accident rate, and feeling of safety. Our results indicate that AR and auditory warnings lead to shorter reaction times, have a better perception, and create a better feeling of safety than vibrotactile warnings. Moreover, auditory signals have a higher acceptance by the riders compared to the other two types of warnings.
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